ccl4 obeticholic acid Search Results


ccl 4 obeticholic  (MedChemExpress)
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MedChemExpress ccl 4 obeticholic
The anti-fibrotic effect of TMP is closely related to the repair of ER and mitochondria in hepatocytes. (A) The common DEGs between different groups. (B) The KEGG pathway enrichment of common DEGs. (C) GO analysis of DEGs. Representative (D) images and (E) quantitative statistical analysis of liver TEM in different groups of mice. The magnification factor = 2 μM. (F) Expression of Mfn2 , Dnm1l , Ktn1 , and Rtn4 genes in different cell types of mouse liver in the single-cell sequencing database of tabula-muris. Representative images of immunofluorescent result of (G) CKAP4 and RTN4 and (H) Mito-tracker in AML12 cells. Statistical significance: * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, compared with vehicle group; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, ### P < 0.001, compared with <t>CCl</t> <t>4</t> group. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc tests (n = 8).
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The anti-fibrotic effect of TMP is closely related to the repair of ER and mitochondria in hepatocytes. (A) The common DEGs between different groups. (B) The KEGG pathway enrichment of common DEGs. (C) GO analysis of DEGs. Representative (D) images and (E) quantitative statistical analysis of liver TEM in different groups of mice. The magnification factor = 2 μM. (F) Expression of Mfn2 , Dnm1l , Ktn1 , and Rtn4 genes in different cell types of mouse liver in the single-cell sequencing database of tabula-muris. Representative images of immunofluorescent result of (G) CKAP4 and RTN4 and (H) Mito-tracker in AML12 cells. Statistical significance: * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, compared with vehicle group; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, ### P < 0.001, compared with CCl 4 group. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc tests (n = 8).

Journal: Journal of Advanced Research

Article Title: Tetramethylpyrazine improves the structure and function of mitochondrial-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane and liver fibrosis

doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2025.09.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: The anti-fibrotic effect of TMP is closely related to the repair of ER and mitochondria in hepatocytes. (A) The common DEGs between different groups. (B) The KEGG pathway enrichment of common DEGs. (C) GO analysis of DEGs. Representative (D) images and (E) quantitative statistical analysis of liver TEM in different groups of mice. The magnification factor = 2 μM. (F) Expression of Mfn2 , Dnm1l , Ktn1 , and Rtn4 genes in different cell types of mouse liver in the single-cell sequencing database of tabula-muris. Representative images of immunofluorescent result of (G) CKAP4 and RTN4 and (H) Mito-tracker in AML12 cells. Statistical significance: * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, compared with vehicle group; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, ### P < 0.001, compared with CCl 4 group. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc tests (n = 8).

Article Snippet: For the chronic carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) (≥95 %, Innochem, A68354) injury experiment, the mice were randomly divided into six groups (n = 8): (1) control group, (2) CCl 4 modeling group, (3–5) CCl 4 + TMP (≥95 %, Innochem, A45751) different-dose groups (40, 80 and 160 mg/kg, respectively) and (6) CCl 4 + obeticholic (OCA, ≥98 %, MCE, HY-12222) group (5 mg/kg).

Techniques: Expressing, Single Cell, Sequencing

TMP largely improves the abnormal regional contact and quantity of MAM in hepatocytes. Representative (A, left panel) TEM images, (A, right panel) 2D images and (B) quantitative statistical analysis of MAM structures in different liver groups. (C) Representative images of immunofluorescent result of TOM20 and PDI in mice livers. Scale bar = 50 μm. AML12 were pre-treated with TMP at different concentrations for 1 h and then treated with CCl 4 (10 mM) for another 12 h. (D) Representative TEM images and quantitative statistical analysis of MAM changes in different groups of AML12 cells. Representative images of immunofluorescent result of (E) TOM20, PDI, (F) Mitochondria and ER in AML12 cells. Statistical significance: * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, compared with vehicle group; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, ### P < 0.001, compared with CCl 4 group. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc tests (n = 8 for animal studies, n = 3 for cell experiments).

Journal: Journal of Advanced Research

Article Title: Tetramethylpyrazine improves the structure and function of mitochondrial-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane and liver fibrosis

doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2025.09.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: TMP largely improves the abnormal regional contact and quantity of MAM in hepatocytes. Representative (A, left panel) TEM images, (A, right panel) 2D images and (B) quantitative statistical analysis of MAM structures in different liver groups. (C) Representative images of immunofluorescent result of TOM20 and PDI in mice livers. Scale bar = 50 μm. AML12 were pre-treated with TMP at different concentrations for 1 h and then treated with CCl 4 (10 mM) for another 12 h. (D) Representative TEM images and quantitative statistical analysis of MAM changes in different groups of AML12 cells. Representative images of immunofluorescent result of (E) TOM20, PDI, (F) Mitochondria and ER in AML12 cells. Statistical significance: * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, compared with vehicle group; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, ### P < 0.001, compared with CCl 4 group. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc tests (n = 8 for animal studies, n = 3 for cell experiments).

Article Snippet: For the chronic carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) (≥95 %, Innochem, A68354) injury experiment, the mice were randomly divided into six groups (n = 8): (1) control group, (2) CCl 4 modeling group, (3–5) CCl 4 + TMP (≥95 %, Innochem, A45751) different-dose groups (40, 80 and 160 mg/kg, respectively) and (6) CCl 4 + obeticholic (OCA, ≥98 %, MCE, HY-12222) group (5 mg/kg).

Techniques:

The regulatory effect of TMP on the Ca 2+ flow and MFN2-SERCA2 complex within MAM region. Representative images of immunofluorescent result of (A) GRP75, TOM20, (B) GRP75, CALR, (D, upper panel) MFN2, TOM20, (D, lower panel) MFN2, CALR, (E) Rhod-2 (red), Mitochondria (green), (H) PLA staining in livers and AML12 cells. (C) Representative immunoblots against MFN2, VDAC1, ITPR1, GRP75, SERCA2 and β-ACTIN in cytoplastic, mitochondrial and MAM structures of AML12 cells. Representative curves of transient changes in Ca 2+ in different groups of AML12 cells treated with inhibitors and activators of (F) SERCA2 and (G) IP3R. (H) The In situ PLA Blobs in livers and AML12 cells. Statistical significance: * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, compared with vehicle group; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, ### P < 0.001, compared with CCl 4 group. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc tests (n = 3).

Journal: Journal of Advanced Research

Article Title: Tetramethylpyrazine improves the structure and function of mitochondrial-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane and liver fibrosis

doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2025.09.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: The regulatory effect of TMP on the Ca 2+ flow and MFN2-SERCA2 complex within MAM region. Representative images of immunofluorescent result of (A) GRP75, TOM20, (B) GRP75, CALR, (D, upper panel) MFN2, TOM20, (D, lower panel) MFN2, CALR, (E) Rhod-2 (red), Mitochondria (green), (H) PLA staining in livers and AML12 cells. (C) Representative immunoblots against MFN2, VDAC1, ITPR1, GRP75, SERCA2 and β-ACTIN in cytoplastic, mitochondrial and MAM structures of AML12 cells. Representative curves of transient changes in Ca 2+ in different groups of AML12 cells treated with inhibitors and activators of (F) SERCA2 and (G) IP3R. (H) The In situ PLA Blobs in livers and AML12 cells. Statistical significance: * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, compared with vehicle group; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, ### P < 0.001, compared with CCl 4 group. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc tests (n = 3).

Article Snippet: For the chronic carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) (≥95 %, Innochem, A68354) injury experiment, the mice were randomly divided into six groups (n = 8): (1) control group, (2) CCl 4 modeling group, (3–5) CCl 4 + TMP (≥95 %, Innochem, A45751) different-dose groups (40, 80 and 160 mg/kg, respectively) and (6) CCl 4 + obeticholic (OCA, ≥98 %, MCE, HY-12222) group (5 mg/kg).

Techniques: Staining, Western Blot, In Situ

The effects of siRNA-MFN2 and MFN2 activator on CCl 4 -induced MAM impairment and organelle’s dysfunction in hepatocytes. The mRNA levels of (A) Mfn2 , S ercaa2 , (G) Syvn1 and Sel1l in AML12 cells. (B) Representative immunoblots against MFN2, SERCA2 and β-ACTIN in cytoplastic and MAM structures of AML12 cells. Representative TEM images and (C, right panel) their corresponding 2D pictures of MAM changes in different groups of AML12 cells. Representative images of immunofluorescent result of (D, left panel) Mitochondria, ER, (D, right panel) TOM20, PDI, (E) Rhod-2 and Mito-tracker in AML12 cells. (F) The content of ceramide in AML12 cells. (H) Representative immunoblots against HRD1, VCP, SEL1L and β-ACTIN in AML12 cells. (I) The levels of mitochondrial complexes IV and V in AML12 cells. (J) The graphs of real-time OCR using Seahorse XF analyzer. Statistical significance: * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, compared with vehicle group; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, ### P < 0.001, compared with CCl 4 group; & P < 0.05, compared with CCl 4 + TMP group. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc tests (n = 3).

Journal: Journal of Advanced Research

Article Title: Tetramethylpyrazine improves the structure and function of mitochondrial-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane and liver fibrosis

doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2025.09.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effects of siRNA-MFN2 and MFN2 activator on CCl 4 -induced MAM impairment and organelle’s dysfunction in hepatocytes. The mRNA levels of (A) Mfn2 , S ercaa2 , (G) Syvn1 and Sel1l in AML12 cells. (B) Representative immunoblots against MFN2, SERCA2 and β-ACTIN in cytoplastic and MAM structures of AML12 cells. Representative TEM images and (C, right panel) their corresponding 2D pictures of MAM changes in different groups of AML12 cells. Representative images of immunofluorescent result of (D, left panel) Mitochondria, ER, (D, right panel) TOM20, PDI, (E) Rhod-2 and Mito-tracker in AML12 cells. (F) The content of ceramide in AML12 cells. (H) Representative immunoblots against HRD1, VCP, SEL1L and β-ACTIN in AML12 cells. (I) The levels of mitochondrial complexes IV and V in AML12 cells. (J) The graphs of real-time OCR using Seahorse XF analyzer. Statistical significance: * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, compared with vehicle group; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, ### P < 0.001, compared with CCl 4 group; & P < 0.05, compared with CCl 4 + TMP group. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc tests (n = 3).

Article Snippet: For the chronic carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) (≥95 %, Innochem, A68354) injury experiment, the mice were randomly divided into six groups (n = 8): (1) control group, (2) CCl 4 modeling group, (3–5) CCl 4 + TMP (≥95 %, Innochem, A45751) different-dose groups (40, 80 and 160 mg/kg, respectively) and (6) CCl 4 + obeticholic (OCA, ≥98 %, MCE, HY-12222) group (5 mg/kg).

Techniques: Western Blot

The knockdown of MFN2 reverses the TMP-remitted liver fibrosis. (A) The levels of ALT, AST and TBA in mice serum and the level of HYP in mice livers. Representative images of (B) H&E, (C) Sirius red and (D) IHC staining of α-SMA of livers in mice. Scale bar = 100 μm. Representative (E, upper panel) TEM images and (E, lower panel) corresponding 2D images and statistical analysis of different mice livers. Immunofluorescent co-staining of (F) TOM20 and PDI and (H) In situ PLA Blobs in mice livers. Scale bar = 50 μm. (G) The mRNA levels of Itpr1 , Vdac1 , Mfn2 and Atp2a2 and in mice livers normalized with Hprt1 . Statistical significance: * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, compared with vehicle group; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, ### P < 0.001, compared with CCl 4 group; & P < 0.05, && P < 0.01, &&& P < 0.001, compared with CCl 4 + TMP group (n = 6).

Journal: Journal of Advanced Research

Article Title: Tetramethylpyrazine improves the structure and function of mitochondrial-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane and liver fibrosis

doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2025.09.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: The knockdown of MFN2 reverses the TMP-remitted liver fibrosis. (A) The levels of ALT, AST and TBA in mice serum and the level of HYP in mice livers. Representative images of (B) H&E, (C) Sirius red and (D) IHC staining of α-SMA of livers in mice. Scale bar = 100 μm. Representative (E, upper panel) TEM images and (E, lower panel) corresponding 2D images and statistical analysis of different mice livers. Immunofluorescent co-staining of (F) TOM20 and PDI and (H) In situ PLA Blobs in mice livers. Scale bar = 50 μm. (G) The mRNA levels of Itpr1 , Vdac1 , Mfn2 and Atp2a2 and in mice livers normalized with Hprt1 . Statistical significance: * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, compared with vehicle group; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, ### P < 0.001, compared with CCl 4 group; & P < 0.05, && P < 0.01, &&& P < 0.001, compared with CCl 4 + TMP group (n = 6).

Article Snippet: For the chronic carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) (≥95 %, Innochem, A68354) injury experiment, the mice were randomly divided into six groups (n = 8): (1) control group, (2) CCl 4 modeling group, (3–5) CCl 4 + TMP (≥95 %, Innochem, A45751) different-dose groups (40, 80 and 160 mg/kg, respectively) and (6) CCl 4 + obeticholic (OCA, ≥98 %, MCE, HY-12222) group (5 mg/kg).

Techniques: Knockdown, Immunohistochemistry, Staining, In Situ